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 Database of Nepalese Fruits...

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Posted on 11-08-05 2:50 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Lets see how much info we can get on nepalese fruits...
I am sorry to take your minds away from love and other very important posts...:-)
this one is knowledge oriented...

I'll start with Jack fruit which one of my favorite, unripe as vegetable, ripe as sweet tasty fruit and even the seeds has its own use...

Jackfruit; Artocarpus heterophyllus; Rookh Katahar; रुख कटहर
The jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (syns. A. integrifolius Auct. NOT L. f.; A integrifolia L. f.; A. integra Merr.; Rademachia integra Thunb. ), of the family Moraceae, is also called jak-fruit, jak, jaca, and, in Malaysia and the Philippines, nangka; in Thailand, khanun; in Cambodia, khnor; in Laos, mak mi or may mi; in Vietnam, mit. It is an excellent example of a food prized in some areas of the world and allowed to go to waste in others. O.W. Barrett wrote in 1928: ";The jaks . . . are such large and interesting fruits and the trees so well-behaved that it is difficult to explain the general lack of knowledge concerning them.";
No one knows the jackfruit's place of origin but it is believed indigenous to the rainforests of the Western Ghats. It is cultivated at low elevations throughout India, Nepal, Burma, Ceylon, southern China, Malaya, and the East Indies. It is common in the Philippines, both cultivated and naturalized. It is grown to a limited extent in Queensland and Mauritius. In Africa, it is often planted in Kenya, Uganda and former Zanzibar. Though planted in Hawaii prior to 1888, it is still rare there and in other Pactfic islands, as it is in most of tropical America and the West Indies. It was introduced into northern Brazil in the mid-19th Century and is more popular there and in Surinam than elsewhere in the New World.
In South India, the jackfruit is a popular food ranking next to the mango and banana in total annual production. There are more than 100,000 trees in backyards and grown for shade in betelnut, coffee, pepper and cardamom plantations. The total area planted to jackfruit in all India is calculated at 14,826 acres (26,000 ha). Government horticulturists promote the planting of jackfruit trees along highways, waterways and railroads to add to the country's food supply.
Jack fruit is the world's largest tree borne fruit...Largest of all tree-borne fruits, the jackfruit may be 8 in to 3 ft (20-90 cm) long and 6 to 20 in (15-50 cm) wide, and the weight ranges from 10 to 60 or even as much as 110 lbs (4.5-20 or 50 kg).

Food Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion
Pulp (ripe-fresh) Seeds (fresh) Seeds (dried)
Calories 98
Moisture 72.0-77.2 g 51.6-57.77 g
Protein 1.3-1.9 g 6.6 g
Fat 0.1-0.3 g 0.4 g
Carbohydrates 18.9-25.4 g 38.4 g
Fiber 1.0-1.1 g 1.5 g
Ash 0.8-1.0 g 1.25-1.50 g 2.96%
Calcium 22 mg 0.05-0.55 mg 0.13%
Phosphorus 38 mg 0.13-0.23 mg 0.54%
Iron 0.5 mg 0.002-1.2 mg 0.005%
Sodium 2 mg
Potassium 407 mg
Vitamin A 540 I.U.
Thiamine 0.03 mg
Niacin 4 mg
Ascorbic Acid 8-10 mg

The pulp constitutes 25-40% of the fruit's weight.
I'm pretty sure, many of us have actually seen the tree.
If you have any specific dishes made out of jackfruit, please share...
i'll add more nepalese fruit soon...

 
Posted on 11-08-05 3:08 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Papaya=Mewa in nepal=मेवा
Papaw, Pawpay, Melon pawpaw, Tree melon, Lechosa
Caricaceae, Carica papaya L.
Source: Magness et al. 1971

papaya The tropical tree is nearly herbaceous, apparently native to tropical America, with a large stem hollow between the nodes. The trunk may persist for several years, but best fruit production is on plants not over four years of age. Leaves are very large and compound. Fruits are borne along the new growth of the largely unbranched trunk or main stem. Plants are grown from seed and will mature the first fruits in a year to 18 months after planting. New flowers and fruits are produced continuously, so fruits in all stages of development will be on the plant at one time. Fruits are very large, averaging 3 pounds in some kinds up to 15 or 20 pounds. Fruit rind is thin, smooth, and rather tender. The pulp is smooth textured and mild flavored. At the center is a cavity, along the walls of which the numerous seeds the size of small peas are borne. This species is the source of the enzyme papain, obtained by wounding small fruits, and widely used as a meat tenderizer.
Season, bloom to maturity: 5 to 8 months.
Use: Fresh eating, juice, green fruits culinary.
Part of fruit consumed: Pulp only, except rind also in cooked green fruits.



 
Posted on 11-08-05 3:25 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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GUAVA=अम्बा‍=बेलाउँति
Psidium guajava L.
Myrtaceae
Common Names: Guava, guyava, kuawa.
Origin: The place of origin of the guava is uncertain, but it is believed to be an area extending from southern Mexico into or through Central America. It has been spread by man, birds and other animals to all warm areas of tropical America and in the West Indies (since 1526).

Nepalese ones in villages are small elongated ones that are really hard unripe. Other kind is round one which is abundant all over nowadays...
Fruits: Guava fruits may be round, ovoid or pear-shaped, 2 - 4 inches long, and have 4 or 5 protruding floral remnants (sepals) at the apex. Varieties differ widely in flavor and seediness. The better varieties are soft when ripe, creamy in texture with a rind that softens to be fully edible. The flesh may be white, pink, yellow, or red. The sweet, musky odor is pungent and penetrating. The seeds are numerous but small and, in good varieties, fully edible. Actual seed counts have ranged from 112 to 535. The quality of the fruit of guavas grown in cooler areas is often disappointing.


 
Posted on 11-08-05 3:32 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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MANGO=आँप=आम...
Mangifera indica L.
Anacardiaceae
Common Names: Mango, Mangot, Manga, Mangou.
One of the most popular fruit...
Origin: The mango is native to southern Asia, especially Burma and eastern India. It spread early on to Malaya, eastern Asia and eastern Africa. Mangos were introduced to California (Santa Barbara) in 1880.

Forms: The mango exists in two races, one from India and the other from the Philippines and Southeast Asia. The Indian race is intolerant of humidity, has flushes of bright red new growth that are subject to mildew, and bears monoembryonic fruit of high color and regular form. The Philippine race tolerates excess moisture, has pale green or red new growth and resists mildew. Its polyembryonic fruit is pale green and elongated kidney-shaped. Philippines types from Mexico have proven to be the hardiest mangos in California.
Over 500 named varieties (some say 1,000) have evolved and have been described in India. Perhaps some are duplicates by different names, but at least 350 are propagated in commercial nurseries. In 1949, K.C. Naik described 82 varieties grown in South India. L.B. and R.N. Singh presented and illustrated 150 in their monograph on the mangos of Uttar Pradesh (1956). In 1958, 24 were described as among the important commercial types in India as a whole, though in the various climatic zones other cultivars may be prominent locally.
The fruits grow at the end of a long, stringlike stem (the former panicle), with sometimes two or more fruits to a stem. The fruits are 2 to 9 inches long and may be kidney shaped, ovate or (rarely) round. They range in size from 8 ounces to around 24 ounces. The flower scar at the apex is prominent, in some cultivars bulging from the fruit. The leathery skin is waxy and smooth, and when ripe entirely pale green or yellow marked with red, according to cultivar. It is inedible and contains a sap that is irritating to some people. The quality of the fruit is based on the scarcity of fiber and minimal turpentine taste.



 
Posted on 11-08-05 3:46 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Thanks neupane for the detailed info on some of tropical fruits. I have seen all of the fruit plants in Ktm. I actually have mango and guava plants in my bagaincha. Care to post info on Lychee or Lichi, it is a luscious tropical kernel bearing fruit. I planted lychee tree in Ktm brought from terai about 12 years ago, and my family back there report that it has started bearing fruit, about 15 to 20 per season. Am glad that at least there is fruit conscious Nepali on sajha..am sure ther are many....
 
Posted on 11-08-05 3:56 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Lychee
u r welcome jyapoo...

I'd really like pictures of Cheenu (चिँदु or तिँदु) found in Gorkha, Tanahoon, syanja (western parts of nepal). Its tree is tall like Lapsi...hope someone from nepal will have that :-)
LYCHEE=लिचि
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Sapindaceae
Common Names: Lychee, Litchi, Leechee, Lichee, Lichi.
Origin: The lychee is native to low elevations of the provinces of Kwangtung and Fukien in Southern China. Cultivation spread over the years through neighboring areas of southeastern Asia and offshore islands. It reached Hawaii in 1873, and Florida in 1883, and was conveyed from Florida to California in 1897
The lychee tree is handsome, dense, round-topped, slow-growing, 30 to 100 ft (9-30 m) high and equally broad. Its evergreen leaves, 5 to 8 in (12.5-20 cm) long, are pinnate, having 4 to 8 alternate, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, abruptly pointed, leaflets, somewhat leathery, smooth, glossy, dark-green on the upper surface and grayish-green beneath, and 2 to 3 in (5-7.5 cm) long. The tiny petalless, greenish-white to yellowish flowers are borne in terminal clusters to 30 in (75 cm) long. Showy fruits, in loose, pendent clusters of 2 to 30 are usually strawberry-red, sometimes rose, pinkish or amber, and some types tinged with green. Most are aromatic, oval, heart-shaped or nearly round, about 1 in (2.5 cm) wide and 1 1/2 in (4 cm) long; have a thin, leathery, rough or minutely warty skin, flexible and easily peeled when fresh. Immediately beneath the skin of some varieties is a small amount of clear, delicious juice. The glossy, succulent, thick, translucent-white to grayish or pinkish fleshy aril which usually separates readily from the seed, suggests a large, luscious grape. The flavor of the flesh is subacid and distinctive. There is much variation in the size and form of the seed. Normally, it is oblong, up to 3/4 in (20 mm) long, hard, with a shiny, dark-brown coat and is white internally. Through faulty pollination, many fruits have shrunken, only partially developed seeds (called "chicken tongue") and such fruits are prized because of the greater proportion of flesh. In a few days, the fruit naturally dehydrates, the skin turns brown and brittle and the flesh becomes dry, shriveled, dark-brown and raisin-like, richer and somewhat musky in flavor. Because of the firmness of the shell of the dried fruits, they came to be nicknamed "lychee, or litchi, nuts" by the uninitiated and this erroneous name has led to much misunderstanding of the nature of this highly desirable fruit. It is definitely not a "nut", and the seed is inedible.
Fruits: The fruit is covered by a leathery rind or pedicarp which is pink to strawberry-red in color and rough in texture. A greenish-yellow variety is not grown in California at present. Fruit shape is oval, heart-shaped or nearly round, 1 to 1-1/2 inches in length. The edible portion or aril is white, translucent, firm and juicy. The flavor is sweet, fragrant and delicious. Inside the aril is a seed that varies considerably in size. The most desirable varieties contain atrophied seeds which are called "chicken tongue". They are very small, up to 1/2 inch in length. Larger seeds vary between 1/2 to 1 inch in length and are plumper than the chicken tongues. There is also a distinction between the lychee that leaks juice when the skin is broken and the "dry and clean" varieties which are more desirable. In some areas lychees tend to be alternate bearers. Fruit splitting is usually caused by fluctuating soil moisture levels.



 
Posted on 11-08-05 4:05 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Banana=केरा
Musa species
Musaceae
Common Names: Banana, Bananier Nain, Canbur, Curro, Plantain
There are many different kinds of bananas...
Origin: Edible bananas originated in the Indo-Malaysian region reaching to northern Australia.
Species: Musa acuminata Colla, M. X paradisiaca L. (hybrid)
Fruits: The ovaries contained in the first (female) flowers grow rapidly, developing parthenocarpically (without pollination) into clusters of fruits, called hands. The number of hands varies with the species and variety. The fruit (technically a berry) turns from deep green to yellow or red, and may range from 2-1/2 to 12 inches in length and 3/4 to 2 inches in width. The flesh, ivory-white to yellow or salmon-yellow, may be firm, astringent, even gummy with latex when unripe, turning tender and slippery, or soft and mellow or rather dry and mealy or starchy when ripe. The flavor may be mild and sweet or subacid with a distinct apple tone. The common cultivated types are generally seedless with just vestiges of ovules visible as brown specks. Occasionally, cross-pollination with wild types will result in a number of seeds in a normally seedless variety.



 
Posted on 11-08-05 4:05 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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wow.. an education@ literally.. had me gigglin. thank yu kind sir..:P

Love jackfruit ko achaar, no clue as to how u go about it tho.

Gone with the wind...


 
Posted on 11-08-05 4:45 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Apple...स्याउ
u r welcome scarlet...
try to find the recipe for that achar :)
*********************************
Potential Districts for Commercial Production
Fruits--------- Major Districts
Apple and Apricot------- Mustang, Jumla, Humla, Kalikot, Dolpa, Rukum, Rolpa, Bajhang, Bajura, Baitadi, and Darchula

Pear, Peach, Plum, Persimmon---------------Sankhuwasabha, Dhankuta, Sindhupalcowk, Rasuwa, Kavre, Nuwakot, Dhadding, Palpa, Baglung, Baitadi, Doti, Dharchula, Bajhang, Rolpa, Parbat, Gorkha, Makawanpur, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Sindhuli, Ramechhap, Bhojpur, Terathum and Illam
********************************
स्याउ=Apple
The first trees to produce sweet, flavourful apples similar to those we enjoy today, were located many thousands of years ago near the modern city of Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan.

The Greeks were growing several varieties of apples by the late 300?s BC, and the ancient Romans also grew and loved the fruit. Researchers have even found the charred remains of apples at a Stone Age village in Switzerland.

European settlers brought apple seeds and trees with them to the New World. Records from the Massachusetts Bay Company indicate that apples were being grown in New England as early as 1630. In 1796, in Ontario, Canada, John McIntosh discovered a variety of apple which is today enjoyed by people around the world--the McIntosh Apple! ha ha

Apples have also appeared in legends in our past. In the Bible, Adam and Eve are tempted by apples in the Garden of Eden, and in the Swiss story of William Tell, an archer is arrested and then promised his freedom if he can shoot an apple off his son?s head with an arrow.
Each day, apples are enjoyed by people in every country, and are the world's most popular fruit! An apple a day, doctors away ;-)
NUTRITIONAL FACTS

Serving size 1 medium apple (154g/5.5 0z)

Amount per Serving
Calories 80 Calories from Fat 0
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 0g 0%
Saturated Fat 0g 0%
Cholesterol 0mg 0%
Sodium 0mg 0%
Potassium 170 mg 5%
Total Carbohydrates 22g 7%
Dietary Fiber 5g
Sugars 16g
Protein 0g
Vitamin A 2% Vitamin C 8%
Calcium 0% Iron 2%



 
Posted on 11-08-05 5:16 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Persimmon=हलुवाबेद]
This is an amazing fruit found everywhere in kathmandu...
I bet u can't eat it when it is not ripe... u'll choke...but once it is fully ripe, it is delicious...especially offered to brothers by sisters during bhaitika...
PERSIMMON
Diospyros kaki Linn
Ebenaceae
Common Names: Persimmon, Oriental Persimmon, Japanese Persimmon, Kaki.
Origin: The oriental persimmon is native to China, where it has been cultivated for centuries and more than two thousand different cultivars exist. It spread to Korea and Japan many years ago where additional cultivars were developed. The plant was introduced to California in the mid 1800's.
known as the "apple of the Orient," were brought to the Americas about 1825. They are a tart fruit when firm, but sweeten as they soften. They have an excellent flavor; but, if not ripened enough, often leave a stong "astringent" feel to the mouth. The persimmon color can vary from a deep yellowish-orange to a red, and the color carries through to the inner fruit, as can be seen in the photo (bottom). Choose persimmons that are yellowing, shiny, and free of defects. When softened, place in the refrigerator. They are good raw or halved and broiled. They may also be used in recipes. However, over-cooking can make persimmons tough and tasteless.

Adaptation: Persimmons do best in areas that have moderate winters and relatively mild summers--suitable for growing in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 10. It can tolerate temperatures of 0? F when fully dormant. However, because of its low chilling requirement (less than 100 hours), it may break dormancy during early warm spells only to be damaged by spring frosts later. The leaves are killed by 26? F when growing. Trees do not produce well in the high summer heat of desert regions, which may also sunburn the bark.
Fruit: Persimmons can be classified into two general categories: those that bear astringent fruit until they are soft ripe and those that bear nonastringent fruits. Within each of these categories, there are cultivars whose fruits are influenced by pollination (pollination variant) and cultivars whose fruits are unaffected by pollination (pollination constant). Actually, it is the seeds, not pollination per se, that influences the fruit. An astringent cultivar must be jelly soft before it is fit to eat, and such cultivars are best adapted to cooler regions where persimmons can be grown. The flesh color of pollination-constant astringent cultivars is not influenced by pollination. Pollination-variant astringent cultivars have dark flesh around the seeds when pollinated. A nonastringent persimmon can be eaten when it is crisp as an apple. These cultivars need hot summers, and the fruit might retain some astringency when grown in cooler regions. Pollination-constant nonastringent (PCNA) persimmons are always edible when still firm; pollination-variant nonastringent (PVNA) fruit are edible when firm only if they have been pollinated.

The shape of the fruit varies by cultivar from spherical to acorn to flattened or squarish. The color of the fruit varies from light yellow-orange to dark orange-red. The size can be as little as a few ounces to more than a pound. The entire fruit is edible except for the seed and calyx. Alternate bearing is common. This can be partially overcome by thinning the fruit or moderately pruning after a light-crop year. Astringency can also be removed by treating with carbon dioxide or alcohol. Freezing the fruit overnight and then thawing softens the fruit and also removes the astringency. Unharvested fruit remaining on the tree after leaf fall creates a very decorative effect. It is common for many immature fruit to drop from May to September (may be diff in diff locations)...


 
Posted on 11-08-05 5:55 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Actually there are two kinds of Persimmon.One which when it's ripened gets very soft (which is very common in Kathmandu) and the other one doesn't get soft when it's ripened and you can eat them like an apple. It is not very common in Kathmandu but last time I visited Kathmandu I found some vegetable shop around New Road selling them.
 
Posted on 11-08-05 6:30 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Neupaneji,

Being a graduate of agricultural sciences, I appreciate your efforts to bring the information about fruits to public. However, I would more appreciate if you could cite the original sources. Definately, these stuff you posted seem coming from a book which must be copyrighted.

Thanks.

 
Posted on 11-08-05 6:35 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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lau, maile ta salivate garechhu ni!!! great photos! but i have one question- naspati khoi?!
 
Posted on 11-08-05 6:42 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Kasto mukha ma pani aayo yi sabai Phal haru dekhda taa. Aap ra lychi ta kati khan man lagyo !!
 
Posted on 11-08-05 7:04 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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harris,
thank you for pointing that out...
i thought of that but didn't do as i was just trying to give some basic info...
but since u asked for it, i'll site the sources as well as where to read more etc...
you may have some details about other local fruits of nepal, pleasee share here.
palpali gaunle...
i'll post what i can find...one by one...

 
Posted on 11-08-05 7:44 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Neupane jee, how about citrus, I mean Gorkha and some other parts of Nepal bears lots suntalas, junars, bhotate and other fruits.


 
Posted on 11-08-05 8:54 AM     Reply [Subscribe]
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How about लप्‍सी? I could not find anything on लप्‍सी..
Searching ever since..
Shiv
 
Posted on 11-08-05 12:17 PM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Lapsi is also known as Hug Plum... I believe it is also found in South America...
 
Posted on 11-08-05 12:37 PM     Reply [Subscribe]
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whoareyou,
Are you sure it is called hug plum? I searched but could not get any reference for hug plum.
shiv
 
Posted on 11-08-05 12:44 PM     Reply [Subscribe]
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Biological name (?) for lapsi: Choerospondias axillaris. Do the search on these and you will find lots of chinese studies...
 



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