They are all to blame - I think the Monarchy more so than others but the political parties cannot absolve themselves completely of blame either. And hell yes, the Monarchy abused state power way more than the parties ever did. Institutionalized corruption may or may not have grown in democracy( debatable point) but corruption was institutionalized in Nepal's bureaucracy during the Panchayat and the parties, instead of cleaning it up, just went along with it and in some cases may have even made it worse. Also, the Monarchy is dead as a dodo for all intents and purposes. Time to move on.