as per my knowledge: 1) if you have enough publications and/or patents then you can apply for extraordinary group right away. one of my acquaintances got it approved in 17 DAYS!!!! 2) go for post docs or asst. proff positions, you can apply right away. 3) if you go for company jobs, it will depend upon company's policy and interests. if you are unemployed, even then i will say go for it. if you have good research in your phd, then you may get it. g'luck Loote