The more signatures a Nepali citizen is required to collect from government officers, the more chances there are of corruption taking place. This is true regardless of whether on'e talking about registering a company in Nepal or clearing customs or getting this sort of 'no objection" letters. In this case, demand for government officers' signatures will be high. The number of students who wish to go abroad is increasing day by day. But the supply of signatures is limited by the fixed number of MoE & Sports officials who can issue such letters on any given day. Enter, the buying and selling of signatures! Those who have government officers as their cousins will, as always, have no problem. They'll get their signatures -- one way or the other. But those who are "without source force" and hail from places like Baitadi, Jumla and [your favorite remote, poor place here], will find the process of navigating this bureaucratic maze needlessly difficult, frustrating and, well, responsive to a little bribery. *** Adult Nepalis may want to study A or B or C in X, Y, Z countries. It's up to them to decide how they want to spend their money and time studying whatever it is that they want to study. In this, there's no role for the Ministry of Education to come in and then decide what Nepalis can study and what they cannot study outside of Nepal. Besides, there is no way that the MoE, which cannot even lend support to Lok Sewa Aayog to verify the validity of educational credentials submitted by the aspirants of Nepal's civil service jaagir, will ever be able to do any investigation on any one re: whether or not to issue "no objection" letter. As for the money, those who are determined to go abroad, will simply pay higher interest rates to borrow money from informal markets, and that would be that. Those who will be hurt the most by this sort of inane law are: The poor amd the unconnected, for this sort of law makes the playing field uneven. As for "if a person does not return to the country or does not contact the Ministry upon the completion of his or her foreign degree with scholarship, he or she may face fine equal to the amount he spent during the study or the amount received as donation for the study." There's no chance of this ever being implemented because policing such "bad behaviour" on anyone's part would be very, very difficult. This is like expecting the Nepali Embassy in DC to keep track of Nepalis in the US. Easy to say, impossible to do. oohi ashu