http://www.noharmm.org/docswords.htm (History of Masturbation and circumcision: 'A remedy 'for masturbation" which is almost always successful in small boys is circumcision . . . The operation should be performed by a surgeon without administering an anaesthetic, as the pain attending the operation will have a salutary effect upon the mind, especially if it be connected with the idea of punishment, John Harvey Kellogg, 1888)