But what I understood from your reading is- Russia is so much concern about radical developement of Chinese mainly in weaponary power, and under any circumstances Russia along with Japan may not to let (strategically) China to fill power vacuum in South-east asia but isn't it true Russia has coorporate China with Strategic military modernization? => It is true, however the cooperation extends upto a certain limit. Both may well work together to build a new model of Kalishnikov better than the existing ones, but when it comes to misile defense shields and other sophisticated weaponary that Russia is developing, it won't share it's technological secrets with China. Even during the cold war, when there was a threat of a nucealr attack on China, Russia backed off from its earlier pledge to help China develop nuclear weapons. Russia's recent Japan tilt is worth noting. But what I believe is Sino-Russian relation is based on thier common interests and their willingness to cooperate diplomatically against US policies that they see as unfriendly to their interest. The closer ties with Russia have already resulted in a strategic relationship that is designed to counter the influence of the US. But still based on this evidence Chinese supremacy cannot be overated. => Yes, this is mainly the case in what's happening in/around Central Asian cases but this alliance against America, in my opinion won't last for long. Because of Russia's defense capabilities, and it's coming up with technologies that are aimed against American missile shield program, it is in the best American interests to side with China than with Russia. Andrew Nathan, a Columbia University Prof. of China/Chinese Affairs says China-US relations is a strategic partnership, its not like your traditional diplomatic relations. If Russia goes ahead with its defense strengthening, then America and China will have no choice but to forge an alliance again agaisnt Russia, just like in the 70s. Then Russia will try to woo Japan throgh oil and other deals. If two countries, Japan and Russia forge a trade/security alliance against China, then America will have to keep on supporting China, and China will have to keep on supporting America ..Furthermore, rise of nationalism in Japan, and Japan's insistence on recreating its army, will sooner or later offset the balance of power in the region because Japan with its money can buy defense equipments from Russia, which will put both America and China in a security dilemma, giving yet another reason for China and America to continue with their partnership against Russia-Japan alliance.