Anon bro, You are correct that you will be taxed when doing the conversion. But what if your income is too low and the amount you convert is such that, your total tax liability is basically zero? You pay the tax but it is zero, so basically, you pay nothing. Of course, this is not for everyone, but it can work wonders for an early retiree.

Word of Caution: Things like this can be complicated and a misstep may cost you a fortune. So always take professional help.

Here is a link that explains how it can be done. http://www.mymoneydesign.com/personal-finance-2/retirement/backdoor-roth-ira-conversion/