J1 has different category. 'Research Scholar' has the higher period of stay with the extension upto 5 years. There are other short terms categorioes which range from few months to 1 year.

In terms of getting into the TPS/EAD while in the F1/J1, my understanding is you terminate your F1/J1 to get into TPS, so there may not be violation of the status doing the work thing under TPS.