? 
lul/hfsf] ;xL d"Nof+sg gul/P Oltxf; af+lug ;S5
s'j]/ zdf{, cWoIf, xl/ofnL g]kfn kf6L{
lul/hf hgtfaf6 x'l6ª cfp6 ePsf dfG5] x'g\ .
lul/hfn] e|i6frf/ /f]Sg slxNo} kxn u/]gg\ .
e|i6frf/ g/f]s]sfn] d]n] sf+u|]; 5f8]sf] x'“ .
lul/hf )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf lj/f]wL
x'g\ .
/fi6«lktf x'g lul/hfsf] of]Uotf k'Ub}g .
lul/hf /fi6«nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ lx/f] x'g\
.
g]kfnL
sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgwgkl5 ;a} kf6L{n] zf]s jQmJo hf/L
u/] t/ xl/ofnL g]kfn kf6L{sf] zf]s jQmJo cln leGg} lsl;dsf] cfof] o;sf] sf/0f
s] xf] <
dflg;sf] d[To' x'“bfv]l/ lxGb' ;+:sf/df
g/fd|f] s'/f geGg' eG5g\ . t/, j}1flgs b[li6sf]0fn] eGbfv]l/ d[To'sf]
a]nfdf dflg;sf] ;xL d"Nof+sg ePg eg] Oltxf; af+lug ;S5 . To;}n] xfdL
lul/hfsf] k|z+;f ug{ dfq} nfu]gf}+ . pgsf] c;nL ¿k pgL dbf{v]l/ b]vfpg}
k5{ / olb xfdLn] lul/hfsf] k|z+;f dfq} u¥of}+ c;nL ¿k aflx/ NofOlbPgf}+ eg]
Oltxf; af+lug ;S5 eGg] lgisif{df k'Uof}+ . To;}n] xfdLn] pgsf] lgwgkl5
pgsf] jf:tljstf aflx/ NofP/ zf]s jQmJo hf/L u/]sf xf}+ . xfd|f] k|of; olt
dfq} xf] ls lul/hfsf] c;nL ¿k cfdg]kfnL hgtfn] a'em'g / Oltxf;
gaf+luof];\ .
cGo bnsf g]tfn] lul/hfnfO{ g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] dxfgfos eG5g\, t/ tkfO{ lsg :jLsfg'{ x'Gg <
d}n] lsg lul/hfnfO{ dxfgfos eGg] < hf]
@)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] lj?4df plePsf] lyof], h;n] cfkm\gf] zf;gsfndf e|i6frf/
/f]Sg'sf] ;§f k|>o lbof], h;sf kfnfdf nfp8f / wldhf sf08 eP, h;n] sDo'lgi6
zlQmnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ cleofg rfNof], hf] ;du| b]z / hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu geP/
5f]/L / cfkm\g} efO elthfsf nflu dfq} /fhgLlt u¥of] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ d}n] lsg dxfgfos
dfGg] < d dflGbg . dxfgfos dfGgsf nflu t To;sf ultljlw To:t} lsl;dsf
x'g'k5{ . lul/hf t @)$^ ;fndf 6'“l8v]ndf efif0f ubf{ hgtfaf6 x'l6ª cfp6
ePsf x'g\ .
tkfO{ olt lj/f]w ug'{x'G5 t/, :juL{o lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ /fi6«lktf 3f]if0ff ul/g'k5{ eGg] cfjfh
pl7/x]sf] 5 lg <
kl/jt{gsf lj/f]wLnfO{ lsg /fi6«lktf 3f]if0ff ug{ k¥of 5 < lul/hfnfO{ /fi6«lktf 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{ eGg]x¿ d'v{
x'g\ . lul/hf eg]sf g]kfnL /fhgLltsf abgfdL kfq x'g\ . g}lts cfr/0f, OdfGbfl/tf, /fi6«k|]dnfO{ t'ngf ubf{v]l/ pgsf] /fi6«lktf x'g] of]Uotf k'Ub}g . To;}n] lul/hfnfO{ /fi6«lktf 3f]if0ff ug'{ x'“b}g .
t/, pxf“sf] zjofqfdf pln{Psf] hg;fu/n] t lul/hf g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] lzv/ k'?if xf] / lul/hfnfO{ /fi6«lktf
3f]if0ff ug'{k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lb“b}g / <
lul/hfsf] zjofqfdf pln{Psf] hg;fu/sf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 eg] 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{sf] dnfdL $)÷$% hgf dfq} lyP . dnfdL
yf]/} eP eGb}df 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{n] /f0fflj?4 cfGbf]ng u/]sf] xf]Og eGg] < s] dnfdL w]/} eP /fd|f] sfd u¥of / yf]/} eP g/fd|f] sfd u¥of eGg ldN5 < ldNb}g . hxf“;Dd lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] zjofqfsf ;xefuLsf] s'/f 5 .
tL ;a} sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{ x'g\ . dfcf]jfbLaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf sf+u|];Lx¿ sf7df8f}+df a:of 5g\ . ltgLx¿ g} lul/hfsf] dnfdL uPsf x'g\ . To;}n] lul/hfsf dnfdL w]/} b]lvPsf x'g\ . lul/hfsf] zjofqfdf b]zeQm gful/s sf]xL klg ;xefuL ePsf lyPgg\ . hgtfaf6 lt/:s[t JolQmnfO{ /fi6«lktf 3f]if0ff ug}{ x'Gg . /fi6«lktf x'gsf nflu /fi6«sf nflu s]xL sfd u¥of x'g'k5{ . nf}
dnfO{ elGbg';\ t lul/hfn] s] rflx+ /fd|f] sfd u/] < d uG5' .
!) jif{;Dd h+unaf6 o'4 u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGtk|lqmofdf NofP/ d'n'snfO{ tx;gx; x'gaf6 hf]ufPsf] >]o t
lul/hfk|;fbnfO{ hfG5 xf]Og / <
lul/hfn] d'n'snfO{ tx;gx; x'gaf6 hf]ufof] eg]/ tkfO{+n] s;/L eGg ;Sg'eof] < dfcf]jfbL s;sf] /fhgLlts
sdhf]/Ln] a9\of xf] eGg] hfGg h?/L 5 . dfcf]jfbL !) jif{df h;/L km}lnof] To;sf] k|d'v sf/0f lul/hf x'g\ . lul/hfsf] kfnfsf ;/sf/ kk'n/ x'g g;Sg', ul/aL lgjf/0f gx'g', e|i6frf/, sld;gvf]/L a9\g' oL ofjt sf/0fn] dfcf]jfbLsf
kIfdf hgtf nfu]sf x'g\ . km]l/ lul/hf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ tx nufpgnfO{ ;kmn klg t ePgg\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Demf}tfdf NofP, t/ o'4sf] cGTo eg] ug{ ;s]gg\ . ufp“–ufp“df dfcf]jfbL HofbtL cem} 5 . pm;“u ;]gf 5 . s;/L lul/hfn] o'4 /f]s]/ /fd|f] sfd u/] eGg] . o'4sf] wªwªL sfod} 5 . To;}n] lul/hfn] dfcf]jfbL o'4sf] cGTo u/] eGg' unt a'emfO{ xf] . a? lul/hfn] kl5Nnf] ;dodf dfcf]jfbLsf] a'O{ r9]/ /fi6«nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ lx/f] ag]sf x'g\ .
s;n] NofPsf] xf] t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGt k|lqmofdf <
dfcf]jfbL zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPs} 5}g . zflGt k|lqmofdf cfp“b} gcfPsf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGt k|lqmofdf s;n]
Nofof] eGg] < of] jflxoft s'/f xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] ;]gf / jfO{;LPn lj36g u¥of 5 < v} s]xL klg u/]sf] 5}g .
;]gf;lxtsf] kf6L{nfO{ zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPsf] eGg ldN5 < jt{dfg cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGt k|lqofdf cfPsf] 5 eGg] Tof] d'v{ xf] . a]sf/df ldl8ofn] h] kfof] ToxL n]v]/ x'G5 . sfd} gu/]sf] dfG5]nfO{ lx/f] agfP/ /fd|f dfG5]nfO{ ldl8ofn] cf]em]ndf kf/]sf 5g\ . s] ldl8ofn] lul/hfnfO{ lzv/ k'?if n]Vof] eg]/ ;a}n] dfGg h?/L 5 / <
lul/hfsf] lgwgn] d'n'sn] /fhg]tf u'dfof], g]kfnL /fhgLlt cleefjsljxLg eof] klg t elgG5 lg <
Tof]eGbf d'v{tf c¿ s] x'g ;S5 < ;+;f/df sf]xL d/]/ sxL+ vfnL ePsf] 5 / < wtL{ t olt pAhfp 5 ls tkfO{+ Pp6f
u]8f kmflNbg' eof] eg] klg c+s'/ ag]/ cfp“5 . dnfO{ Pp6f dfq} pbfx/0f lbg;\ ls dfG5] d/]/ cfh;Dd s'g b]z vfnL ePsf] 5 . lul/hf db}{df oxf“ k|hftflGqs of]4fx¿sf] sdL x'G5, b]z aaf{b x'G5 eGg' a]sf/ xf] .
lul/hfsf] ljsNkdf k|hftflGqs of]4f s;nfO{ b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <
d}n] lsg b]Vg' k5{, k|hftGqsf nx/ 5, Tof] cfkm+} cfp“5 . lul/hfnfO{ @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf k|hftGq lj/f]wL eg]/
lrlgGGYof] . @)^# ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ x]/]/ lx/f] dfGg] < h;n] b]zsf nflu Pp6f l;Gsf] ef“r]sf] 5}g, h;n] b]znfO{ etfe'Ë agfpg]eGbf csf]{ sfd u/]sf] 5}g, To;}nfO{ k|hftflGqs of]4f eGg'x'G5 tkfO{+ <
lul/hfsf] lgwgkl5 dx;'; ul/Psf] /fhgLlts l/Qmtfsf] cGTo ug{ s] ug'{ knf{ <
tkfO{+sf] k|Zg d oxL+ sf6\5' . lul/hf d/]/ /fhgLlts l/Qmtf ePs} 5}g .
of] b]z s] lul/hfn] yfd]sf] lyof] < lul/hfnfO{ lx/f] agfP/ k|r08sf] e"ldsf s] 7fGg' ePsf] 5
k|r08n] g} ‘lul/hfsf] lgwgn] /fhgLlts l/Qmtf eof]
l/Qmtf eg]/ k|r08n] s] eG5g\ eg] …lul/hf uP ca pgsf] 7fp“df d x'g'k5{Ú k|r08n] eGg] u/]sf] l/Qmtfsf] cy{ Tof] xf] .
of] xf]Og ls c/fhstf eof], b]z} rNb}g, ;+ljwfg} aGb}g eGg] xf]Og . pgn] t lul/hfsf] 7fp“df dnfO{ /fhg]tf dfg eg]/ c¿ bnsf g]tfnfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . d}n] t k|r08n] eGg] u/]sf] l/Qmtfsf] cy{ To;/L a'em\of 5' .
klxn] tkfO{+ klg sf+u|];} x'g'x'GYof] . s]df s'/f ldn]g / 5'§} kf6L{ vf]Ng' ePsf] xf] <
xf], d g]kfnL sf+u|]; lyP“ . k~rfotsfndf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{, u0f]zdfg l;+xnufotsf
g]tfx¿nfO{ d}n] cf>o lbPsf] klg x'“ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf d}n] lul/hfafa'nfO{ e|i6frf/ /f]sf}+, sDo'lgi6x¿;“u ldn]/ cl3 a9f}+ eg]“ . t/, pxf“ -lul/hf_ n] dfGg' ePg . clg e|i6frf/ /f]Sg gvf]Hg]x¿;“u a:g 7Ls 5}g eg]/ 5'§} kf6L{ vf]Nof x'“ .
e|i6frf/ /f]Sg kxn gu/]s} sf/0f sf+u|]; Tofu]“ eGg'eof] t/ 5'§} kf6L{ vf]n]/ e|i6frf/ /f]Sg s] kxn ug'{eof] t
<
of] ;dfh o:t} 5 , oxf“sf ldl8of o:t} 5g\ . ;a}n] an]sf] cfuf] tfKg] xf] . ;a} zlQmsf] kl5 nfUof 5g\ .
xfdLn] u¥of sfdnfO{ ldl8ofn] ;kf]6{ u/]gg\ . ldl8ofhlt a]n]sf] cfuf] tfKg nfu] . To;}n] xfdLn] e|i6frf/ /f]SgnfO{ u/]sf] kxnn] rrf{ kfPg . xfd|f] kf6L{n] ^) lhNnfdf $ nfv a9L e|i6frf/lj?4sf krf{ ljt/0f u¥of] t/ ldl8ofn] rf;f] lbPgg\ . of] va/ k|To]s hgtf;dIf hfg ;s]g . t}klg xfdLn] !)÷@) If]qdf dfq} r'gfj lhTg ;s]sf] eP w]/} sfd u/]/ b]vfOlbg] lyof}+ . r'gfj lhTg g;s]sf] klg /fd|f] sfd ug{ g;s]/} t xf]nf lg † gq t r'gfj lhTg' x'GYof] xf]nf
tkfO{n] TolQs} dnfO{ s]xL ug{ g;s]/ r'gfj xfg'{ ef] xf]nf lg eg]/ k|Zg ug]{ < tkfO{+n] dfGotf lbg' ePg
eGb}df d}n] k|hftGqdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] d"Nof+sg x'“b}g / <
@)$^ ;fndf kmf6]sf] rKkn nufP/ lx“8\g] g]tfx¿ clxn] kh]/f]df r9\5g\ . sf]7fef8f lt/]/ sf7df8f}+df a:g g;Sg]x¿n] sf7df8f}+df dxn 78\ofPsf 5g\ . d To:tf] g]tf xf]Og\ .
k|;+u abnf}+ clxn]sf] ;/sf/sf]
ultljlwnfO{ tkfO{+sf] kf6L{n] s'g ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 <
clxn]sf] ;/sf/sf ;a} dGqL cj;/jfbL x'g\ . ;a} dGqLsf] Wofg k};f sdfpg]eGbf cGt uPsf] 5}g . clxn]sf]
;/sf/nfO{ xl/ofnL kf6L{n] ;du|df g]kfn ;/sf/ geP/ x¿jfx¿sf] ;~hfnsf ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . log} x¿jfx¿nfO{ ldl8ofn] v'a 7"nf g]tf, hgk|ltlglw eg]/ xfOnfO6 u5{g\ . clg b]z s;/L cufl8 a9\5 .
To;f] eP tkfO{+ dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ agf];\ eGg] kIfdf x'g'x'G5 x}g t <
xf]Og xfdL Tof] kIfdf 5}gf}+ . t/, /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ aGg' k5{ eGg] dfGotf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/ aGof] eg] g]kfn klg ef/tsf] klZrd a+ufnh:t} x'G5 . a+ufndf emG8} #) jif{ eof] sDo'lgi6 zf;g :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . Toxf“af6 pBf]ux¿ knfog eP . pBdLs/0f ePg . oxf“ klg dfcf]jfbLsf] xftdf ;Qf uof] eg] lghL If]q ;dfKt x'G5 . ;j{xf/fsf] xftdf zlQm hfG5 .
g]kfndf cGt e};s]sf] /fhtGq km]l/ kmls{G5 ls eGg] cfz+sf ug{ yflnof 5, s] nfU5 tkfO{+nfO{ s] of] ;Dej 5 <
of] ;Defjgfsf] s'/f xf] . /fhgLlt of s'g} klg s'/f c;Dej 5}g . olb bnx¿ ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf] dfWodaf6 cufl8 a9\g
;s]gg\ eg] bnx¿ 6'“l8v]ndf hfg ;S5g\ . 1fg]Gb| ;Qfdf k'Ug ;S5g\ .
h]7 !$ glhlsb} 5, ;+ljwfg hf/L x'G5 ls x'“b}g eGg] cGof}n 5, olb tf]lsPs} ;dodf ;+ljwfg hf/L ePg eg] s] x'G5 <
s]xL klg x'“b}g . d 7f]s'jfsf ;fy eG5', ls ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ylkG5, ls ;+lIfKt ;+ljwfg cfp“5 .