I don’t wanted to touch the complicated subject and create unnecessary debate but since this is becoming more and more interesting I would like to put what I generalized after reading different history and watching Mahabharata and other related TV serials .
As I am a student of physical science my generalization is based on my education and profession where I do analyze lots of facts and try to relate each other.
First what is “Yug”
In my understanding the “Yug” are different stages of Aryan civilization. What we know in modern history is after a certain intervals, because of war, natural disaster, diseases immigrations etc has changed human culture/civilization. If you go through the changes in human civilization in last 500 yrs you will see what I am saying. Every ppl agree that we human are suffering from these things from the dawn of our existence. So past many centuries/millennium these things are constantly changing our way of life/civilization/culture. Please Google the cause of demise of many civilizations.
Aryans race migrated from one place to other because of above mentioned causes and it is natural once you migrate to different place lots of things cant not remain same. In the same time there also occurs struggle for better life (sounds familiar?). When they migrated to different place they had to use the locally available resource for their living.
So when Aryan first established their civilized society they were very happy (its natural isn’t it?) population was small, enough resources so there was no need of lies and deceive. It was Satya “Yug”.
Leaders of “Satya Yug” were Indra (god of rain and King), Barun, Agni etc (mostly things required for agricultural life. Here Indra fights with ppl (Rakchyas) of other civilization to protect Aryan civilization. Holy Book of this Yug is Ved which covers the
history of different kings, moral lessons to the society in the form of songs. Educated people go to different places sing “Ved” and educate the people about the history and social behavior.
I imagine they must have produced lots of kids during that time (most ppl do it today too if the burden is less), they may have done so to protect their civilization (creation of large army, sounds familiar ha?)
Some disease/natural disaster /war (people say it was because of drying of the Saraswati river due to earth quake) with other civilization must have forced Aryans to move to new place where they tried to copy same thing of old place but couldn’t copy all because of weather/resources available etc. They needed lots of manpower too to establish new civilization so the life was not easy. This was “Treta yug”. Glorious leader of this “Yug” was Ram. Notice the change of leadership type from kings plus natural things to Kings only. In Ramayana there is use of more weapons and more wars are mentioned with local ppl then then in "Ved".
As people say history repeats itself, same thing might have happened after some centuries and they had to repeat process once again, it was “Dwaper Yug”. Glorious leader of this “Yug” was
Yug”. Please notice the change of the leadership type from kings to the local leader, indicating that as population grows more, necessity/ requirements/obligations
are more too, so direct rule of the kings is not sustainable unless you take the
help form local people. This point is very important because as the empire grows bigger direct rule can not sustain for longer time period (direct or indirect underlying cause of collapse of Roman, Austro Hungarian empires. Holy book of this era was Mahabharat.
Mahabharat was written in the beginning of Dwaper civilization and had only 8000 verses. Later on as the civilization grew they went on adding all possible glories of the time and it grew to 24,000 verses and finally at the end of Dwaper civilization it grew to 100,000 verses. During these additions they have added so many other unnatural things to make believe the forthcoming generations that many personalities in it are god which is not true. Because it was written over a longer time period people analyzing different part of Mahabharat come to different conclusion. and Panini finalize the Sanskrit grammar it may have been rewritten following the grammatical rules of Panini. During that time also (around 4th century BCE) lots of things may have been added.
In the Dwaper civilization because of population growth and settling of Aryans in Indian plains, lots of small small principalities were developed. And here, once again, human nature took role each principality were trying to survive, grow, flourish and control other. Situation was mature for war as in the First World War. They just needed to lit it and this task was completed by feud between Pandabs and Kaurabs, all tricks were
used and the result was war of Mahabharat. The war was nothing but desire of
stronger Kingdom to take control of small kingdoms and grow.
Why they say each “Yug” is half the previous “Yug”?
They were intelligent enough to understand the human nature/behavior as population grows resources available will be limited and the human greed to accumulate the wealth for one race or in personal level will invite conflict as we advance. (History of last 500 years says the same thing, also if we study the collapse of Wall Street in last 70 years the time between two recent collapses is becoming shorter and shorter
with some exception affected by other parameters.
So what is true in Mahabharat?
What happened after Mahabharat?
Once again I am a student of Physical science and my profession is to link different pieces together based upon findings. I used human behavior/nature and general analysis of the history of world for last 500 yr as my facts. Rest is up to you guys.
Thanks