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xERO, I am helping you with my own paper on Bioethanol (Biofuel):::::
The high prices of fossil fuels, environmental concerns, and geopolitical
instability in some major oil-producing nations have spurred intense interest in the
United States in alternative fuels, especially from renewable energy sources. The
market is already responding to the high price of oil, as investors flock to alternative
fuels, including investments in cellulosic ethanol research and development. Cropbased
fuel production, especially Bio-ethanol, has been the main focus of interest, with
government subsidies and mandates stimulating demand. Bio-ethanol produced from
crop wastes has been heralded as the alternative fuel of the future, but it is yet to be
produced in other than experimental production facilities. Bio-ethanol may be
produced from corn/maize, wheat, sugar beet, sugar cane, woody biomass
(lignocellulose) or cellulose based feedstocks (eg. wood and municipal waste). It can
be produced from biomass by the hydrolysis and sugar fermentation processes
A new and promising technology has the potential to make ethanol fuels much
more practical. Using renewable resources for our future energy supply is a step in the
right direction because it environmentally friendly by reducing pollution and helping to
preserve other energy sources which are scarcer. It also represents a hope for those
nations that are deprived of natural energy sources, like oil and natural gas.
Furthermore, future application may include production of electricity (Fuel Cells) from
Biomass using Bi-ethanol as an intermediate.
....Bioenergy could provide the major part of the projected renewable energy
provisions of the future as biofuels in the form of gas, liquid or solid fuels, or
electricity and heat. There are many ways of providing these biofuels, including
thermal and biological conversion. Production of ethanol from biomass, called
Bio-ethanol, is one of the emerging technologies nowadays. Bio-ethanol is a
renewable alcohol fuel made from products containing sugars and starches,
through a process of fermentation and distillation.
....Bio-ethanol is a fuel derived from renewable sources of feedstock;
typically plants such as wheat and sugar beet. As it is derived from renewable
vegetable matter, Bio-ethanol is classed as a 'bio-fuel', and attracts certain tax
breaks, due to its environmental benefits over conventional 'fossil-fuels’. It has
been regarded as the principle fuel used as a gasoline substitute for road
transport vehicles. It is mainly produced by the sugar fermentation process,
although it can also be manufactured by the chemical process of reacting
ethylene with steam. The main sources of sugar required to produce Bio-ethanol
come from crops. These crops are grown specifically for energy use and include
corn, maize and wheat crops, waste straw, willow and popular trees, sawdust,
reed canary grass, cord grasses, jerusalem artichoke, myscanthus and sorghum
plants. There is also ongoing research and development into the use of municipal
solid wastes to produce ethanol fuel....